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2.
Rev. esp. cardiol. (Ed. impr.) ; 73(10): 804-811, oct. 2020. tab, mapas, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-199624

RESUMO

INTRODUCCIÓN Y OBJETIVOS: Analizar la estructura asistencial y las características clínicas de las cardiopatías congénitas del adulto en España. MÉTODOS: En 2014 se realizó una encuesta entre 32 centros que se clasificaron como nivel 1 o 2 en función de su estructura asistencial. En 2017 se realizó un registro clínico de todos los pacientes asistidos consecutivamente en cada centro durante un periodo de 2 meses. RESULTADOS: Un total de 31 centros (97%) respondieron la encuesta. Se excluyó a 7 por no disponer de consulta especializada. Hasta el año 2005 solo había 5 centros con dedicación específica, pero en 2014 había 10 centros de nivel 1 y 14 de nivel 2 con un total de 19.373 pacientes en seguimiento. La estructura institucional era completa en la mayoría de los centros, pero solo el 33% disponía de enfermería propia y el 29%, de unidad de transición estructurada. La actividad terapéutica específica supuso el 99 y el 91% de la publicada en los registros nacionales de cirugía y cateterismo terapéutico. Del total, el 44% de los pacientes tenían cardiopatía de complejidad moderada y el 24%, de gran complejidad. Aunque el 46% de los pacientes atendidos en centros de nivel 2 tenían cardiopatías simples, el 17% eran cardiopatías de gran complejidad. CONCLUSIONES: La estructura y la actividad de los centros españoles cumplen las recomendaciones internacionales y son comparables a las de otros países desarrollados. El espectro de cardiopatías en seguimiento muestra una concentración de lesiones de complejidad moderada y gran complejidad incluso en centros de nivel 2. Sería aconsejable reordenar el seguimiento de los pacientes en función de las recomendaciones internacionales


INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: To assess the structure of health care delivery and the clinical characteristics of adults with congenital heart disease (ACHD) attending specialized centers in Spain. METHODS: A survey was conducted among 32 Spanish centers in 2014. The centers were classified into 2 levels based on their resources. In 2017, a clinical dataset was collected of all consecutive patients attended for a 2-month period at these centers. RESULTS: A total of 31 centers (97%) completed the survey. Seven centers without specialized ACHD clinics were excluded from the analysis. In 2005, only 5 centers met the requirements for specific care. In 2014, there were 10 level 1 and 14 level 2 centers, with a total of 19 373 patients under follow-up. Health care structure was complete in most centers but only 33% had ACHD nurse specialists on staff and 29% had structured transition programs. Therapeutic procedures accounted for 99% and 91% of those reported by National Registries of Cardiac Surgery and Cardiac Catheterization, respectively. Among attended patients, 48% had moderately complex lesions and 24% had highly complex lesions. Although 46% of patients attending level 2 centers had simple lesions, 17% had complex lesions. CONCLUSIONS: The structure for ACHD health care delivery in Spain complies with international recommendations and is similar to that of other developed countries. Congenital heart diseases under specialized care consist mostly of moderately and highly complex lesions, even in level 2 centers. It would be desirable to reorganize patient follow-up according to international recommendations in clinical practice


Assuntos
Humanos , Adulto , Cardiopatias Congênitas/epidemiologia , Serviço Hospitalar de Cardiologia/organização & administração , Especialização/tendências , Infraestrutura Sanitária/tendências , Espanha/epidemiologia , Sobreviventes/estatística & dados numéricos , Pesquisas sobre Atenção à Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Padrão de Cuidado/tendências
3.
Rev Esp Cardiol (Engl Ed) ; 73(10): 804-811, 2020 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32249097

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: To assess the structure of health care delivery and the clinical characteristics of adults with congenital heart disease (ACHD) attending specialized centers in Spain. METHODS: A survey was conducted among 32 Spanish centers in 2014. The centers were classified into 2 levels based on their resources. In 2017, a clinical dataset was collected of all consecutive patients attended for a 2-month period at these centers. RESULTS: A total of 31 centers (97%) completed the survey. Seven centers without specialized ACHD clinics were excluded from the analysis. In 2005, only 5 centers met the requirements for specific care. In 2014, there were 10 level 1 and 14 level 2 centers, with a total of 19 373 patients under follow-up. Health care structure was complete in most centers but only 33% had ACHD nurse specialists on staff and 29% had structured transition programs. Therapeutic procedures accounted for 99% and 91% of those reported by National Registries of Cardiac Surgery and Cardiac Catheterization, respectively. Among attended patients, 48% had moderately complex lesions and 24% had highly complex lesions. Although 46% of patients attending level 2 centers had simple lesions, 17% had complex lesions. CONCLUSIONS: The structure for ACHD health care delivery in Spain complies with international recommendations and is similar to that of other developed countries. Congenital heart diseases under specialized care consist mostly of moderately and highly complex lesions, even in level 2 centers. It would be desirable to reorganize patient follow-up according to international recommendations in clinical practice.


Assuntos
Cateterismo Cardíaco , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos , Atenção à Saúde/organização & administração , Cardiopatias Congênitas/epidemiologia , Cardiopatias Congênitas/terapia , Adulto , Cateterismo Cardíaco/normas , Cateterismo Cardíaco/estatística & dados numéricos , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos/normas , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos/estatística & dados numéricos , Atenção à Saúde/normas , Humanos , Espanha/epidemiologia
4.
Eur Heart J Case Rep ; 4(5): 1-5, 2020 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33426460

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Anomalous origin of the left coronary artery (LCA) from the pulmonary artery (ALCAPA) is an unusual congenital heart defect which affects approximately 1 in 300 000 live births and accounts for 0.5% of all congenital heart disease. Without surgical intervention, most patients die in infancy (nearly 90%). CASE SUMMARY: We present a rare case of an asymptomatic 67-year-old female. Transthoracic echocardiography demonstrated a dilated right coronary artery (RCA) and multiple collaterals. ALCAPA was confirmed by multidetector computed tomography. The left main artery was seen originating from the pulmonary artery and well-developed collaterals were visualized between the RCA and LCA. No areas of myocardial infarction were identified on cardiac magnetic resonance. Stress studies showed no inducible ischaemia. DISCUSSION: Our clinical case of an ALCAPA patient who survived and remained asymptomatic to their late 60's, highlights the importance of well-collateralized and pressurized coronary system to maintain adequate myocardial perfusion. Physicians should be aware of this congenital anomaly as appropriate early diagnosis is crucial to prevent irreversible myocardial damage, acute ischaemia, and arrhythmias, and can improve patient outcomes. Surgical treatment is suggested irrespective of symptomatology or the presence of inducible myocardial ischaemia.

8.
Rev. esp. cardiol. Supl. (Ed. impresa) ; 9(supl.E): 13e-22e, 2009. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-166881

RESUMO

A pesar de los progresos en el tratamiento médico y quirúrgico de las cardiopatías congénitas en la infancia, aproximadamente un 5% de los adultos sufre desaturación crónica de oxígeno en sangre arterial causada por un cortocircuito derecha a izquierda. El síndrome hipoxémico crónico representa una verdadera enfermedad multisistémica que afecta a la viscosidad de la sangre, los órganos hematopoyéticos, el sistema de coagulación, la dinámica respiratoria, la fisiología del ejercicio, el sistema nervioso central, la función renal, el metabolismo del ácido úrico, la función endotelial, la circulación coronaria, los mecanismos de infección, la secreción biliar de bilirrubina, el aparato locomotor o la neoformación de tumores neuroendocrinos. Son pacientes con alto riesgo cuando acuden a los servicios de urgencias, ingresan en un hospital, tienen que ser intervenidos quirúrgicamente o se presentan con un embarazo. El manejo de estos pacientes precisa un abordaje multidisciplinario y debe ser individualizado, pero el médico debe tener presente el principio clásico de primum non nocere y evitar provocaciones en el débil equilibrio de una fisiología difícilmente balanceada (AU)


Despite advances in the surgical and medical management of congenital heart disease during childhood, approximately 5% of adults present with significant arterial oxygen desaturation caused by a right-to-left shunt. Chronic hypoxemia syndrome is a true multisystem disorder that can affect blood viscosity, hematopoietic organs, the coagulation system, respiratory dynamics, exercise physiology, the central nervous system, renal function, uric acid metabolism, endothelial function, the coronary circulation, mechanisms of infection, biliary bilirubin secretion, the locomotor apparatus, and neuroendocrine tumor formation. Affected patients are at a high risk when they go to emergency departments, are hospitalized, need surgery, or become pregnant. Management of these patients necessitates a multidisciplinary approach and treatment should be individualized. The physician should adopt the classic principle of primum non nocere and avoid disturbing a delicate and finely balanced physiological equilibrium (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Hipóxia/epidemiologia , Cardiopatias Congênitas/fisiopatologia , Cianose/epidemiologia , Complexo de Eisenmenger/epidemiologia , Consumo de Oxigênio/fisiologia , Indicadores de Morbimortalidade , Tolerância ao Exercício/fisiologia
9.
Med Clin (Barc) ; 131(14): 521-5, 2008 Oct 25.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19080823

RESUMO

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Patent foramen ovale (PFO) is more frequent in migraine patients and is a cause of brain infarct among patients under 55 years old. Our goal was to study the association between PFO and migraine in ischemic stroke patients under 55 years old. PATIENTS AND METHOD: Observational study with inclusion of consecutive stroke patients admitted to a stroke unit (1995--2005). We selected patients under 55 years of age with first-ever acute cerebral infarction of cryptogenic origin. Demographic data, vascular risk factors, stroke vascular territory, stroke severity, the presence of PFO and/or atrial septal aneurysm (ASA) in echocardiography and functional status at discharge by the modified Rankin Scale score were analysed according to previous migraine. RESULTS: From a total of 130 patients, 76 were males. The 13.8% had previous migraine, 3.9% among male and 27.8% among female (p < 0.001). Migraine patients were younger than non migraine ones (p = 0.041) and had a higher frequency of vascular risk factors (not significant [NS]). Stroke severity and functional status at discharge were similar in both groups. Previous history of migraine was associated with FOP (38.9% vs. 26.8%; NS) and FOP plus ASA (odds ratio = 5; 95% confidence interval, 1.422-17.580). The latter association was higher in female (33.3% vs. 0%; NS). CONCLUSIONS: Previous migraine is more frequently associated with double interatrial septal abnormality (PFO plus ASA) in cerebral infarct patients under 55 years of age. This association could be higher in women.


Assuntos
Infarto Cerebral/complicações , Forame Oval Patente/complicações , Transtornos de Enxaqueca/complicações , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Análise de Variância , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores Sexuais
10.
Med. clín (Ed. impr.) ; 131(14): 521-525, oct. 2008. ilus, tab
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-69502

RESUMO

FUNDAMENTO Y OBJETIVO: El foramen oval permeable (FOP) es más frecuente en los pacientes conmigraña y es una causa de infarto cerebral en menores de 55 años. Este trabajo estudia la asociaciónentre FOP y migraña en pacientes con infarto cerebral menores de 55 años.PACIENTES Y MÉTODO: Se ha realizado un estudio observacional con inclusión secuencial y consecutivade pacientes en una unidad de ictus (1995-2005). Se estudió a los menores de 55 añoscon un primer infarto cerebral de origen criptogenético. Se analizaron: datos demográficos, factoresde riesgo vascular, subtipo territorial de ictus, gravedad del infarto, presencia de FOP y/oaneurisma del septo auricular (ASA) en ecocardiograma y situación funcional al alta (escala deRankin modificada). Para el análisis se establecieron 2 grupos, según presentaran o no antecedentede migraña.RESULTADOS: Se incluyó a 130 pacientes (76 varones), de los que el 13,8% tenía migraña previa(el 3,9% de los varones y el 27,8% de las mujeres; p < 0,001). Los que presentaban migrañaeran más jóvenes (p = 0,041) y tenían una menor frecuencia de factores de riesgo vascular (pno significativa [NS]). La gravedad del ictus y la situación funcional al alta fueron similares enambos grupos. El antecedente de migraña se asoció a la presencia de FOP (el 38,9 frente al26,8%; p: NS) y FOP más ASA (odds ratio = 5; intervalo de confianza del 95%, 1,422-17,580), siendo esta última asociación mayor en las mujeres (el 33,3 frente al 0%; p: NS).CONCLUSIONES: En pacientes menores de 55 años con infarto cerebral criptogenético, el antecedentede migraña se asocia a doble lesión del septo auricular (FOP más ASA) y esta asociaciónpodría ser mayor en las mujeres


BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Patent foramen ovale (PFO) is more frequent in migraine patientsand is a cause of brain infarct among patients under 55 years old. Our goal was to study theassociation between PFO and migraine in ischemic stroke patients under 55 years old.PATIENTS AND METHOD: Observational study with inclusion of consecutive stroke patients admittedto a stroke unit (1995-2005). We selected patients under 55 years of age with first-ever acutecerebral infarction of cryptogenic origin. Demographic data, vascular risk factors, stroke vascularterritory, stroke severity, the presence of PFO and/or atrial septal aneurysm (ASA) in echocardiographyand functional status at discharge by the modified Rankin Scale score were analysedaccording to previous migraine.RESULTS: From a total of 130 patients, 76 were males. The 13.8% had previous migraine, 3.9%among male and 27.8% among female (p < 0.001). Migraine patients were younger than nonmigraine ones (p = 0.041) and had a higher frequency of vascular risk factors (not significant[NS]). Stroke severity and functional status at discharge were similar in both groups. Previoushistory of migraine was associated with FOP (38.9% vs. 26.8%; NS) and FOP plus ASA (oddsratio = 5; 95% confidence interval, 1.422-17.580). The latter association was higher in female(33.3% vs. 0%; NS).CONCLUSIONS: Previous migraine is more frequently associated with double interatrial septal abnormality(PFO plus ASA) in cerebral infarct patients under 55 years of age. This associationcould be higher in women


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Transtornos de Enxaqueca/diagnóstico , Comunicação Interatrial/complicações , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/complicações , Transtornos de Enxaqueca/fisiopatologia , Fatores Sexuais , Fatores de Risco , Fatores Etários
11.
Rev Esp Cardiol ; 56(6): 607-20, 2003 Jun.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12783737

RESUMO

Improvements in the diagnosis and surgical treatment of congenital heart disease during infancy and childhood have resulted in an outstanding increase in the prevalence of these entities during adulthood. Congenital heart disease in the adult represents a new diagnostic challenge to the consultant cardiologist, unfamiliar with the anatomical and functional complexities of cardiac malformations. Assessment of adult congenital heart disease with imaging techniques can be as accurate as in children. However, these techniques cannot substitute for a detailed clinical assessment. Physical examination, electrocardiography and chest x-rays remain the three main pillars of bedside diagnosis. Transthoracic echocardiography is undoubtedly the imaging technique which provides most information, and in many situations no additional studies are needed. Nevertheless, ultrasound imaging properties in adults are not as favorable as in children, and prior surgical procedures further impair image quality. Despite recent advances in ultrasound technologies such as harmonic or contrast imaging, other diagnostic procedures are sometimes required. Fortunately, transesophageal echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging are easily performed in the adult, and do not require anaesthetic support, in contrast to pediatric patients. These techniques, together with nuclear cardiology and cardiac catheterization, complete the second tier of diagnostic techniques for congenital heart disease. To avoid unnecessary repetition of diagnostic procedures, the attending cardiologist should choose the sequence of diagnostic techniques carefully; although the information this yields is often redundant, it is also frequently complementary. This article aims to compare the diagnostic utility of different imaging techniques in adult patients with congenital heart disease, both with and without prior surgical repair.


Assuntos
Ponte de Artéria Coronária , Coração/diagnóstico por imagem , Angiografia Coronária , Vasos Coronários/diagnóstico por imagem , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Ultrassonografia
12.
Rev. esp. cardiol. (Ed. impr.) ; 56(6): 607-620, jun. 2003.
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-28072

RESUMO

Los avances en el diagnóstico y tratamiento quirúrgico de las cardiopatías congénitas (CC) durante la edad pediátrica están provocando un incremento excepcional de su prevalencia durante la vida adulta. Las CC en el adulto representan un desafío diagnóstico nuevo para el cardiólogo clínico, poco familiarizado con la complejidad anatómica y funcional de las malformaciones cardíacas. La evaluación con técnicas de imagen de las CC del adulto puede llegar a ser tan precisa como en el niño, pero estas técnicas no pueden sustituir a una valoración clínica detallada. La exploración física, el ECG y la radiografía de tórax siguen siendo los tres pilares básicos en los que se sustenta el diagnóstico clínico. La ecocardiografía transtorácica es, sin duda, la técnica de imagen que aporta mayor información y, en muchos casos, suficiente. Pero los pacientes adultos no tienen tan buena ventana ultrasónica como los niños, y las intervenciones quirúrgicas previas añaden mayor deterioro de la imagen. Aunque las nuevas tecnologías ultrasónicas, como la imagen armónica o la ecocardiografía de contraste, tratan de solventar esta diferencia, con frecuencia es necesario recurrir a otros métodos diagnósticos. Afortunadamente, la ecocardiografía transesofágica y la resonancia magnética son más fáciles de realizar de forma rutinaria en el adulto que en el niño, por cuanto no precisan anestesia. Estas técnicas, junto con la cardiología nuclear y el cateterismo cardíaco, completan los métodos diagnósticos de segundo nivel disponibles actualmente. Para evitar exploraciones innecesarias, el cardiólogo clínico debe elegir bien la secuencia de técnicas diagnósticas, cuya información en muchos casos es redundante, pero en otros complementaria. Este artículo trata de comparar el valor diagnóstico de las diferentes técnicas de imagen en el adulto con CC con o sin intervención quirúrgica previa (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Ponte de Artéria Coronária , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Angiografia Coronária , Vasos Coronários , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Coração
13.
Rev Esp Cardiol ; 56(1): 73-88, 2003 Jan.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12550003

RESUMO

Nowadays, it is estimated that 85% of the infants born with congenital heart disease (CHD) will survive to adulthood, thanks mainly to surgical or therapeutic procedures performed during infancy or childhood. The clinical profile and disease pattern of adults with CHD is changing. The prevalence of certain adult CHDs, such as tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of the great arteries or univentricular heart, is rising, but these conditions have practically become new diseases as a result of therapy. Most surviving patients present residua, sequelae, or complications, which can progress during adult life. These disorders can present electrophysiological disturbances, valvular disease, persistent shunts, myocardial dysfunction, pulmonary or systemic vascular disease, problems caused by prosthetic materials, infectious complications, thromboembolic events, or extravascular disorders involving multiple organs or systems. In tetralogy of Fallot, the most striking problems that affect long-term prognosis are pulmonary valve regurgitation, right ventricle dysfunction, and atrial or ventricular arrhythmias. The main problems appearing after physiological atrial repair of transposition of the great arteries are related to right ventricular function, since it is structurally unprepared for systemic circulation, and atrial arrhythmias. Surgical repair of univentricular heart using Fontan techniques should be considered a palliative procedure that does not modify the underlying structural disorder and exposes the postoperative patient to severe complications and problems. The increase in the number of patients with CHD who will reach adulthood in the coming decades makes it necessary to carefully consider the new healthcare demands that are being generated, who should be responsible for them, and how and where solutions can be found.


Assuntos
Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardiovasculares/efeitos adversos , Cardiopatias Congênitas/cirurgia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias , Adulto , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardiovasculares/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos Epidemiológicos , Cardiopatias Congênitas/epidemiologia , Humanos
14.
Rev. esp. cardiol. (Ed. impr.) ; 56(1): 73-88, ene. 2003.
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-17767

RESUMO

Hoy día se estima que el 85 per cent de los niños nacidos con cardiopatías congénitas (CC) sobrevivirá hasta la vida adulta, la mayoría gracias a procedimientos terapéuticos realizados en la infancia. El espectro de CC del adulto se está modificando, y enfermedades como la tetralogía de Fallot, la transposición de grandes vasos o el corazón univentricular están emergiendo como enfermedades prácticamente nuevas, transformadas por los procedimientos terapéuticos. Casi todos los pacientes que sobreviven presentan lesiones residuales, secuelas o complicaciones que pueden tener un carácter evolutivo durante la vida adulta. Estas lesiones se pueden manifestar como alteraciones electrofisiológicas, enfermedad valvular, cortocircuitos persistentes, disfunción miocárdica, lesiones vasculares, problemas derivados de materiales protésicos, complicaciones infecciosas, fenómenos tromboembólicos o alteraciones totalmente extravasculares que afectan a múltiples órganos o sistemas. En la tetralogía de Fallot operada, los problemas de mayor impacto sobre la longevidad se relacionan con insuficiencia de la válvula pulmonar, disfunción del ventrículo derecho y arritmias auriculares o ventriculares. En la transposición de grandes vasos con corrección fisiológica auricular, los problemas más graves se relacionan con la función del ventrículo derecho, que no está estructuralmente preparado para soportar la circulación sistémica, y las arritmias auriculares. La cirugía de Fontan, para la corrección del corazón univentricular, debe considerarse como una técnica paliativa que no modifica la alteración estructural básica y expone al paciente postoperatorio a graves complicaciones y problemas. El incremento del número de CC que llegarán a la edad adulta durante las próximas décadas demanda una cuidadosa consideración sobre qué nuevas necesidades asistenciales se están generando, quién debe responsabilizarse de ellas y cómo y dónde se pueden encontrar soluciones. (AU)


Assuntos
Adulto , Humanos , Complicações Pós-Operatórias , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardiovasculares , Estudos Epidemiológicos , Cardiopatias Congênitas
15.
Rev. esp. cardiol. (Ed. impr.) ; 53(5): 663-683, mayo 2000.
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-2846

RESUMO

La ecocardiografía se ha convertido en la técnica de elección para el diagnóstico y seguimiento de la mayoría de cardiopatías. Las principales ventajas de la técnica son su rapidez, amplia disponibilidad, la excelente relación coste-beneficio y su carácter no invasivo. Múltiples estudios han demostrado la exactitud de la técnica en el diagnóstico y cuantificación de la severidad de diversas cardiopatías. No obstante, su principal limitación es que los resultados dependen del operador, por lo que es fundamental exigir una correcta formación del ecocardiografista. Para garantizar la calidad de los estudios debe disponerse de infraestructura y equipos tecnológicamente adecuados. Por último, la técnica debería ser usada para aquellas indicaciones en las que permite obtener información más beneficiosa. El propósito del presente artículo es definir y actualizar estas consideraciones para optimizar la utilidad de la ecocardiografía en la práctica clínica (AU)


Assuntos
Adulto , Adolescente , Humanos , Ecocardiografia , Função Ventricular Esquerda , Isquemia Miocárdica , Ecocardiografia Transesofagiana , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso , Pericárdio , Dor no Peito , Hipertensão , Endocardite , Cardiopatias , Doenças das Valvas Cardíacas , Cardiomiopatias , Pneumopatias , Teste de Esforço
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